How symbolic execution systematically explores all possible program paths, using constraint solvers to find inputs that trigger vulnerabilities—and why it's both powerful and challenging for EVM analysis.
A deep dive into fuzzing techniques for smart contracts—coverage-guided fuzzing, property-based testing, stateful fuzzing, and how modern fuzzers find bugs that static analysis misses.
How lifting bytecode through multiple IR levels—LIR, MIR, HIR, and AST—enables progressively more sophisticated security analysis while preserving semantic fidelity.
A comprehensive guide to analyzing Ethereum Virtual Machine bytecode—understanding opcodes, control flow recovery, data flow analysis, and the techniques that power modern smart contract security tools.
How bytecode analysis can identify contracts vulnerable to MEV extraction, frontrunning, and sandwich attacks—turning a mempool problem into a detectable code pattern.
Deep dive into proxy pattern vulnerabilities including storage collisions, uninitialized implementations, and UUPS upgrade exploits. Learn how Sigvex detects these complex flaws in upgradeable contracts.
An exploration of why security tools built on source code assumptions fail in the EVM ecosystem, and how bytecode-native analysis provides ground truth that source code cannot.
Comprehensive guide to DeFi-specific vulnerabilities including decimal mismatches, slippage manipulation, rebasing tokens, and fee-on-transfer issues. Learn how Sigvex detects these subtle but critical flaws.
Comprehensive guide to access control vulnerabilities in smart contracts, from missing authentication to delegatecall exploits. Learn how Sigvex detects these critical flaws through bytecode analysis.
An analysis of why the formal verification vs. fuzzing debate misses the point, and how combining constraint satisfaction, static analysis, and dynamic testing creates defense in depth.
Technical analysis of the May 2023 Level Finance attack where an attacker exploited unchecked referral logic to repeatedly claim rewards, and how bytecode analysis catches reward calculation bugs.
Deep dive into oracle manipulation attacks, how Chainlink and TWAP oracles can be exploited, and how Sigvex detects vulnerable price feed implementations at the bytecode level.
Learn how flash loan attacks work, why they've caused billions in losses, and how Sigvex detects flash loan vulnerabilities at the bytecode level using advanced pattern matching.
Analysis of the May 2023 Tornado Cash governance attack where a malicious proposal granted an attacker 1.2 million votes, enabling complete protocol control through hidden exploit code.
Technical breakdown of the February 2023 Platypus Finance exploit where an attacker manipulated debt positions using flash loans, and how bytecode analysis reveals the vulnerable collateral logic.
Analysis of the October 2022 Mango Markets exploit where Avraham Eisenberg openly manipulated oracle prices to drain $114 million, and the legal and technical implications for DeFi.
Analysis of the three major Cream Finance exploits in 2021 totaling over $190 million in losses, examining flash loan attacks, oracle manipulation, and how bytecode analysis reveals vulnerable lending logic.
Analysis of the December 2021 BadgerDAO hack where attackers injected malicious scripts via a compromised Cloudflare API key, tricking users into granting unlimited token approvals.
Analysis of the August 2021 Poly Network hack where an attacker exploited cross-chain contract permissions to steal $611 million across three blockchains—then returned it all.
Technical analysis of the September 2022 Wintermute exploit where attackers cracked a vanity address private key using a known vulnerability in the Profanity tool, stealing $160 million.
Analysis of the March 2022 Ronin Network hack where North Korean attackers compromised 5 of 9 validator keys to steal $625 million from Axie Infinity's bridge—undetected for six days.
Technical analysis of the February 2022 Wormhole bridge hack where an attacker exploited a deprecated Solana function to bypass signature verification, minting 120,000 ETH from thin air.
Analysis of the August 2022 Nomad Bridge hack where a faulty initialization allowed anyone to drain $190 million by copying and pasting the attacker's transaction—no coding skills required.
A detailed technical analysis of the 2016 DAO hack, the reentrancy vulnerability that enabled it, and how modern bytecode analysis tools like Sigvex would have detected it before deployment.
An in-depth analysis of the two Parity multisig wallet vulnerabilities in 2017 that resulted in $30 million stolen and $280 million frozen forever, and how bytecode analysis can prevent similar disasters.
Technical breakdown of the March 2023 Euler Finance flash loan attack that exploited a missing health check in the donateToReserves function, and how bytecode analysis could have prevented it.
Analysis of the July 2023 Curve Finance hack caused by a Vyper compiler bug that broke reentrancy guards, resulting in $70 million in losses across multiple DeFi protocols.
Learn how reentrancy vulnerabilities work, why they're still one of the most common smart contract exploits, and how Sigvex detects them at the bytecode level.
A comprehensive guide to price oracle manipulation attacks in DeFi, including real-world examples like Harvest Finance, academic research on TWAP vulnerabilities, and detection strategies.
Understanding integer overflow and underflow vulnerabilities in smart contracts, the infamous BatchOverflow exploit, and why bytecode analysis still matters in the post-0.8 era.
A practical guide to understanding EVM bytecode, how decompilation works, and why bytecode-native analysis catches vulnerabilities that source-level tools miss.
Technical analysis of the April 2022 Beanstalk Farms exploit where an attacker used $1 billion in flash loans to hijack governance and steal $182 million, exposing critical DeFi governance vulnerabilities.