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Sigvex
Guide

Research & Technology

Explore the cryptographic techniques and bytecode analysis powering Sigvex's multi-runtime decompiler.

Research Areas

Explore the techniques and analysis powering Sigvex's multi-runtime decompiler.

researchSigvex Team

E-Graph Constraint Satisfaction

Vulnerability Detection via Equality Saturation

How the CST engine uses e-graphs and equality saturation to detect EVM vulnerability patterns in under a second, without external solver dependencies.

  • Structurally avoids the path-explosion that slows SMT-based analysis
  • Sub-second vulnerability detection
  • Zero external solver dependencies
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researchSigvex Team

Coverage-Guided Fuzzing

Dynamic Vulnerability Discovery for Smart Contracts

How coverage-guided fuzzing, concolic execution, and domain-specific mutation strategies find vulnerabilities that static analysis misses and generate proof-of-concept exploits.

  • Automatic exploit generation
  • Coverage-guided input mutation
  • Symbolic-concrete hybrid execution
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researchSigvex Team

Semantic Lifting

Beyond Opcode Translation

How Sigvex reconstructs high-level semantics from raw bytecode, recovering types, structures, and patterns that compilation erased—and why this foundation is essential for accurate vulnerability detection.

  • Type inference from usage patterns across 8+ EVM types
  • Storage layout reconstruction for mappings, arrays, and structs
  • Pattern recognition engine across 4 proxy EIP standards
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researchSigvex Team

Attack Pattern Intelligence

Learning from Historical DeFi Exploits

An analysis of recurring vulnerability patterns extracted from real-world smart contract exploits, and how those patterns inform automated detection.

  • 35+ documented attack patterns
  • Historical losses analyzed across 2016–2024
  • Automatic pattern matching
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researchSigvex Team

Vulnerability Detection Framework

Over 130 EVM Detectors Across Four Severity Tiers

An overview of the EVM vulnerability detection architecture: over 130 detectors across four severity tiers, built on control flow analysis, data flow tracking, and symbolic execution.

  • Over 130 EVM security detectors across four severity tiers
  • Critical to low severity coverage
  • Real-world exploit pattern matching
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researchSigvex Team

Bytecode Decompilation Pipeline

EVM Bytecode to Readable Solidity

A technical walkthrough of the multi-stage EVM decompilation pipeline: how raw bytecode is parsed, lifted through two intermediate representations, and emitted as readable Solidity or Yul.

  • Multi-stage IR pipeline (Bytecode → LIR → HIR → Solidity)
  • Type inference and storage layout reconstruction
  • 8+ optimization passes for readable output
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researchSigvex Team

Sigvex Platform Capabilities

Bytecode-Native Analysis Across EVM and SVM Runtimes

An architectural overview of the Sigvex analysis pipeline: bytecode-native design, over 300 detectors spanning EVM, SVM, and ZK runtimes, and e-graph constraint satisfaction for security analysis without verified source code.

  • Operates directly on deployed bytecode — no source required
  • Over 300 detectors spanning EVM, SVM, and ZK runtimes
  • Strict layered architecture with isolated runtimes and shared abstractions
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researchSigvex Team

Solana Program Analysis Pipeline

Security Analysis for eBPF Bytecode at Scale

How Sigvex analyzes Solana programs at the bytecode level, from ELF parsing and eBPF disassembly through HIR lifting, CPI analysis, and over 170 Solana-native vulnerability detectors.

  • Over 170 Solana-native vulnerability detectors
  • Account-validation framework pattern recognition
  • CPI call graph and reentrancy analysis
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researchSigvex Team

Cross-Contract Analysis

Call Graphs and Inter-Procedural Security

How Sigvex constructs inter-contract call graphs and performs cross-boundary taint analysis to detect vulnerabilities that span multiple smart contracts—catching attack patterns that single-contract analysis fundamentally cannot see.

  • Inter-contract call graph construction across protocol boundaries
  • Cross-boundary taint propagation for multi-hop attack chains
  • Reentrancy detection across function and contract boundaries
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researchSigvex Team

Adversarial Exploit Discovery

Red Team Methodology for Smart Contract Vulnerability Research

Systematic techniques for discovering new smart contract vulnerability classes through bytecode analysis, fuzzing, and exploit synthesis.

  • Bytecode-first adversarial analysis methodology
  • Coverage-guided fuzzing for novel vulnerability discovery
  • Automated exploit synthesis from findings to PoC
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researchSigvex Team

Automated Exploit Generation

From Detection to Proof-of-Concept in Minutes

How the exploit generator synthesizes executable proof-of-concept transactions from vulnerability findings—covering reentrancy, integer arithmetic, access control, oracle manipulation, and delegatecall hijacking.

  • Automatic PoC synthesis for 6+ exploit classes
  • Invariant-test and deployment-script generation
  • Flash loan integration for leveraged attack simulation
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researchSigvex Team

Proactive Contract Defense

Blue Team Strategies for Smart Contract Security

Defense-in-depth strategies for smart contract security using static analysis, runtime monitoring, and automated threat detection.

  • Multi-layer defense framework for deployed contracts
  • Bytecode-native analysis of unverified contracts
  • Mempool monitoring for pre-execution threat detection
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researchSigvex Team

Reentrancy as Concurrent Interleaving

A Formal Model of Smart Contract Reentrancy Through Concurrency Theory

Formal treatment of smart contract reentrancy as unsafe interleaving of execution frames, connecting detection to serializability analysis from concurrency theory.

  • Happens-before relations for EVM execution contexts
  • Reentrancy detection as serializability checking
  • Formal connection to lock-based concurrency control
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researchSigvex Team

Taint Propagation in Stack-Based Virtual Machines

Information Flow Analysis for EVM and eBPF Bytecode

Lattice-based taint analysis framework for stack-based virtual machines, with formal transfer functions and precision analysis for smart contract security.

  • Formal taint lattice for stack machine execution
  • Transfer functions for EVM and eBPF opcodes
  • Precision vs soundness tradeoff characterization
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researchSigvex Team

Symbolic Execution Under Cryptographic Constraints

Opaque Predicates, Decidability Limits, and Practical Workarounds

Analysis of how cryptographic hash functions create fundamental limits for symbolic execution in smart contract analysis, with strategies for practical soundness.

  • Formal characterization of hash-induced opaque predicates
  • Decidability analysis for keccak256 in SMT theories
  • Concolic strategies for hash-dependent path exploration
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researchSigvex Team

Zero-Knowledge Circuit Soundness Verification

Detecting Under-Constrained Circuits and Prover-Forgeable Witnesses

Formal analysis of zero-knowledge circuit soundness, with detection algorithms for under-constrained signals and prover-forgeable witness vulnerabilities.

  • Formal definition of circuit soundness in R1CS
  • Taxonomy of under-constraint vulnerability patterns
  • Detection algorithms for witness non-uniqueness
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researchSigvex Team

Storage Layout Reconstruction as Type Inference

Hindley-Milner-Style Type Recovery for EVM Bytecode

Formal framework for recovering Solidity storage layouts from EVM bytecode using constraint-based type inference, with extensions for packed storage and proxy patterns.

  • Type system for EVM storage slots
  • Constraint generation from SSTORE/SLOAD patterns
  • Hindley-Milner unification adapted for storage
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researchSigvex Team

Program Synthesis for Exploit Generation

Automated Exploit Construction as Syntax-Guided Synthesis

Formal framework for automated exploit generation using syntax-guided program synthesis, with finding-guided search pruning and fork-based correctness oracles.

  • Exploit generation as a SyGuS problem
  • DSL grammar for exploit transaction primitives
  • CEGIS loop with fork-based execution oracle
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researchSigvex Team

Finding Vault Precision Bugs in Bytecode

Share inflation and rounding direction without source

How to detect ERC-4626 share-inflation and rounding-direction vulnerabilities from compiled contracts, where the defining evidence is not what the arithmetic computes but which way it rounds.

  • Why rounding direction, not the formula, is the security property
  • Anchoring vault analysis on ERC-4626 function selectors
  • Distinguishing the virtual-offset defense from its absence
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See These Technologies in Action

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